Author: Kayo Lake
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Who You Calling Worm, Bud? Investigating Spruce Budworm Outbreaks in Eastern Canada.
The spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) is the most widespread and damaging native defoliator of coniferous trees in North America (Nealis, 2016). This endemic Lepidopteran poses a significant ecological and economic threat to the boreal forest. The last major outbreak in eastern Canada during the 1970s defoliated 52 million hectares (Kettela 1983). Outbreaks occur approximately every…